PSYCHOLOGY HOMEWORK HELP

Why do we tend to use two tailed tests in psychology?

Two tailed tests are used in psychology because they test for differences or effects in both directions, not just in one direction (as in one-tailed tests). This allows for greater flexibility in testing hypotheses and provides a more conservative approach to data analysis, reducing the risk of Type I errors (false positives). Two tailed tests provide a better understanding of the nature of the relationship between variables, which is important in psychology where understanding the underlying mechanisms and relationships is crucial.

Why is psychology not a pseudoscience?

Psychology is not considered a pseudoscience because it is based on scientific methods and evidence. Pseudoscience refers to beliefs or practices that claim to be scientific but lack empirical evidence and are not subject to scientific testing and validation. In psychology, theories are developed and tested through rigorous scientific methods, including research design, statistical analysis, and peer review. The theories and findings of psychology are constantly being revised and updated based on new evidence and research findings, making it a dynamic and evolving field. Furthermore, the American Psychological Association and other professional organizations have established ethical and scientific standards for the practice of psychology, which helps to ensure that the field remains grounded in scientific principles.

Why is Kitty Genovese important to psychology?

Kitty Genovese is important to psychology because her story highlights the phenomenon of the "bystander effect." The bystander effect refers to the tendency for individuals to be less likely to offer help to a victim in an emergency situation when there are other people present. The story of Kitty Genovese's murder in 1964, in which witnesses reportedly did not intervene to help her despite her cries for help, is often used as an example of the bystander effect in psychology. The case drew widespread attention and led to research on the factors that influence helping behavior and the social psychological processes involved in bystander intervention. The study of the bystander effect has since contributed to our understanding of group behavior, social influence, and the importance of social cues and situational factors in shaping human behavior.

Who got the first PHD in psychology?

The first PhD in psychology was awarded to Lightner Witmer in 1896 at the University of Pennsylvania. Witmer was an American psychologist and educator who is considered the founder of clinical psychology. He established the first psychological clinic in the United States, where he provided psychological assessments and treatments to children with learning and behavioral problems. His work laid the foundation for the development of clinical psychology as a distinct field within psychology, and he is recognized for his contributions to the training and professionalization of psychologists.

Who is the father of evolutionary psychology?

The father of evolutionary psychology is often considered to be David M. Buss. Buss is an American psychologist and professor who has made significant contributions to the field of evolutionary psychology. He has conducted extensive research on human mating strategies, aggression, and the evolution of emotions and has written numerous books on these topics. Buss is recognized for his pioneering work in applying evolutionary theory to the study of human behavior and for his efforts to integrate evolutionary psychology with other areas of psychology and biology. He has also played a key role in the development of the field by training many of the current leading researchers in evolutionary psychology and advancing its recognition as a legitimate and important area of study.

Who established the first psychology lab in the United States?

G. Stanley Hall established the first psychology lab in the United States in 1887 at Johns Hopkins University.

Who established the first psychology laboratory in Germany?

Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in Germany in 1879 at the University of Leipzig.

When were ethical guidelines introduced in psychology?

Ethical guidelines in psychology were introduced in the 1950s.

What does IFS stand for in psychology?

Internal Family Systems (IFS) is a therapeutic approach to psychotherapy and counseling that was developed by Richard C. Schwartz in the 1980s. It is based on the idea that each person has an "internal family" consisting of different parts of the self, such as inner child, protector, or critic. These parts often have their own distinct qualities, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and they can become disordered or conflicted, leading to psychological and emotional problems.

IFS therapy seeks to help individuals understand and heal these internal parts and relationships, by encouraging them to access and communicate with their different parts in a non-judgmental and compassionate manner. The ultimate goal is to help the person reach a state of self-leadership, where they are able to effectively manage and integrate their internal parts, leading to improved well-being and functioning.

What does IQ stand for in psychology?

Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is a standardized score that is used to evaluate a person's cognitive abilities and intellectual potential. It is calculated by dividing a person's mental age (as determined by standardized tests) by their chronological age and then multiplying that number by 100. An IQ score of 100 is considered average, with scores above 100 indicating higher intelligence and scores below 100 indicating lower intelligence. However, it's important to note that IQ tests only measure certain aspects of intelligence and may not accurately reflect a person's overall abilities or potential.

What is SC psychology?

SC psychology stands for "Social Cognitive Psychology," which is a branch of psychology that focuses on how people understand, think about, and interact with other people and their social environment. It considers how mental processes, such as perception, memory, and reasoning, influence social behavior and how social context, in turn, affects those mental processes.

What does LCP stand for in psychology?

LCP stands for "Life-Course Psychology," which is a subfield of developmental psychology that examines the lifelong development of individuals and the role of social and environmental factors in shaping their experiences and outcomes. It considers how early life experiences, as well as events throughout the lifespan, impact psychological and physical health, relationships, and overall well-being.

What is considered a small sample size in psychology?

In psychology, a small sample size is generally considered to be less than 30 participants. A sample size of 30 is commonly used as a rule of thumb in psychological research, as it provides a good balance between statistical power and feasibility in terms of time and resources. However, the appropriate sample size depends on many factors, such as the variability of the population, the magnitude of the effect size, and the desired level of precision, among others. In some cases, smaller or larger sample sizes may be appropriate, but in general, a sample size of less than 30 is considered small.

What are the benefits of clinical psychology?

Clinical psychology offers several benefits, including:

• Improved mental health: Clinical psychologists help individuals to manage mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, and trauma.
• Emotional support: They provide a safe and supportive environment for individuals to discuss their feelings and thoughts.
• Improved relationships: Clinical psychologists help individuals develop better communication and relationship skills.
• Coping skills: They teach individuals coping skills to manage stress and improve their overall well-being.
• Self-awareness: Clinical psychologists help individuals gain insight into their behavior and thought patterns, leading to greater self-awareness and personal growth.
• Evidence-based treatment: Clinical psychologists use evidence-based treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychodynamic therapy, to effectively address mental health issues.
• Reduced stigma: Clinical psychologists help reduce the stigma associated with mental health issues by educating the public and promoting a better understanding of mental health.

Who came up with sociocultural psychology?

Lev Vygotsky, a Russian psychologist, is considered the founder of sociocultural psychology.

Who published research related to the psychology of personality?

Many psychologists have published research related to the psychology of personality, including Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Abraham Maslow, Erik Erikson, B.F. Skinner, and Gordon Allport.

What can you do in forensic psychology?

Forensic psychology involves applying psychological principles to legal issues and criminal justice. Some common tasks for forensic psychologists include:

• Evaluating criminal defendants competency to stand trial.
• Assessing the mental state of criminal suspects.
• Providing expert testimony in court.
• Conducting child custody evaluations.
• Assisting in criminal investigations.
• Providing rehabilitation and treatment recommendations for offenders.
• Developing and implementing programs to reduce recidivism.

Which famous female psychologist completed all the requirements for a doctorate in psychology but was denied the degree because of her sex?

Margaret Floy Washburn was the first female psychologist to earn a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States, in 1894. She completed all the requirements for the degree at Columbia University but was denied the degree because of her sex. Despite this, she went on to make important contributions to the field and was eventually awarded an honorary degree from Columbia in 1929.

How do you recruit participants to study psychology?

There are several methods to recruit participants for a psychology study, including:

• Convenience sampling: recruiting participants from a nearby location, such as a university campus or community center.
• Online platforms: using websites, social media, or online advertisements to reach a wider audience.
• Snowball sampling: recruiting participants through word of mouth, where current participants refer others to participate.
• Targeted advertising: placing advertisements in specific locations, such as at a shopping mall or public transportation, to attract participants who fit the desired demographic.
• Incentives: offering compensation, such as monetary rewards or prizes, to motivate people to participate.

Regardless of the method used, it is important to obtain informed consent from participants, provide clear explanations of the study purpose and procedures, and ensure the welfare and confidentiality of the participants.